Organizational Structure And Function Of Johnson Johnson Commerce Essay

Organizational Structure And Function Of Johnson Johnson Commerce Essay Like other multinational companies, Johnson Johnson had form functional type of structure during its first operation. As the company went into globally and involved in complex products operation, Johnson Johnson formed a divisional organization structure for better control and coordination. The structure at Johnson Johnson consists of 180 separate operating units, including McNeil Consumer Products, makers of Tylenol; Ortho Pharmaceuticals, which makes Retin-A and birth control pills; and J J Consumer Product, the company that brings us Johnsons Baby Shampoo and Band Aids, each  division  is a separately chartered and Johnson Johnson Family Headquarters will oversees all the operations. This decentralized structure of organization allows the employees to develop themselve in the company. It is also helps in innovation which allows the employees use their skills and knowledge effectively to bring together different products and technologies to meet with the customer demands. A good strategy also will be constructed as a feedback to customer and market issues arose in each division. Usually, Johnson Johnson companies around the world are coordinated by local people in particular country because they can understand the needs in those market and utilize themselves in those market. 3.2 Marketing in Johnson Johnson Marketing department in Johnson Johnson plays a crucial role in not only promoting its products but also in maintaining its brand name. Johnson Johnson has emphazised four marketing mix as the following: Product Basically, Johnson Johnson has three main products categories including Pharmaticeutical, Medical Device Diagnostic, and Consumer Healthcare. Some of the products are Feminine hygiene, Denture care, First aid, Family planning, Nutritionals, Diabetes care, Allergy cold and flu treatment, and Womens Health. Price Johnson Johson attempt to keep their net price increases for healthcare products within the consumer price index in United Stated. Consequently, the company has cooperated with the goverment to develop differential pricing approach so that people are helped to access their medical products. Place Johnson Johnson product can be found in wholesale companies like Over the Counter Wholesale.com, WUZ Group, and ShopatHome.com. Its products can also be bought in retail outlet. Promotion Johnson Johnson has engaged in advertising campaigns which encourage healthy lifestyles. For example: The Campaign for Nursings Future, Having a Baby Changes Things, and Because We Care We Act (China). Marketing Process Johnson and Johnson seek in approaching new products innovation and sometimes whole new businesses. Their goal is to capitalize on scientific invention, marketing insight and manufacturing expertise easily across the full range their businesses. 3.3 Management and Human Resource policies and approaches in Johnson Johnson Human Resource Management plays a unique role in attracting workers and maintaining the employees in a well-manner in the company. Johnson Johnson has approximately 115 000 employees around the world. Healthy and mental well being employees have become its policies in the company. Johnson Johnson has offered flexible work arrangements over the years. Johnson Johnson believes that flexibility is important to attract many talented employees to work and being loyal with the company, so that it will benefited the company as well as the worker could balance their work and life. Flexible arrangements include flextime hours, telecommuting, remote work, occasional flexibility, a compressed work week, summer hours, and part-time work or job sharing. Johnson Johnson also believes that it is important for the company to be succeeded by attracting, developing, and retaining a base of employees that reflects the diversity of its customers. Furthermore, Johnson Johnson has implement its philosophy which is known as Credo as a guidance in its business. A Credo (appendix 2) is a set of values that have provided a strategic and moral scope for Johnson Johnson generation of leaders and employees. Johnson Johnson has also providing variety of programs for its employees such as Employee Assistant Program which designed to give employees access counseling, assessment, intervention and training. 3.4 IT and Information System in Johnson Johnson IT and information system helps in facilitating the operation of Johnson Johnson. The development of IT has brought the organization to operate more efficient and effective. Johnson Johnson was known for having registered many high profiles domain. Johnson Johnson has established Corporate Office of Science and Technology (COSAT) which enable people or innovators to share their ideas with the company, seeks out scientific breakthroughs and explore the technologies. The ideas then will be identified and the incorporation of those technologies will be facilitated into Johnson Johnson Family of Companies. 4. Conclusion After through the facts in this report, it can be seen that a good structure in organization is the fundamental to the well-operates of Johnson Johnson. The human resource management and marketing department also contribute to the success of the organization. It is look into how these departments manage their resources and their approaches to attain the organizational goals and objectives. Besides that, the utilization on the recent technology by the organization is the added value to enhance the operation and put the organization in the competitive position.

Frankenstein: Morality Essay

Morality. It has been questioned by people, honored by people and revered since the beginning of time. Yet even today not one person can say what is morally right. It is a matter of opinion. It was Dr. Victor Frankenstein’s opinion that it was alright to create a â€Å"monster†. Frankenstein’s creation needed a companion. Knowing that his first creation was evil should the doctor make a second? With the knowledge at hand, to Dr. Frankenstein, it is not at all morally correct to bring another monster into the world. Looking at this problem with his family in mind, the doctor begins his work on the second monster. The first monster threatened Frankenstein and even his family. The monster angrily said to Frankenstein, â€Å"I can make you so wretched. † (pg. 162) Trying to scare Frankenstein for not creating his mate the monster resorted to threats. If the good doctor does create a companion for his first creation he may be endangering others. â€Å"The miserable monster whom I had created,† (pg. 152) says Victor upon looking back at his work. If there is another monster there will be twice the power and possibly twice the evil, which could hurt or kill his family. When and if Frankenstein commits the moral sin of creating another monster he may be rid of both monsters forever. â€Å"With the companion you bestow I will quit the neighbourhood of man,†(pg 142) promises the morally corrupt monster to the doctor upon the completion of his partner. When the doctor, if and when he, finished his first creation’s mate there is a chance that the monsters will not keep their promise and stay in Europe envoking fear into townfolk. The good doctor, trying to act morally, destroys the monster for the good of the world. The monsters can potentially take over whatever they please. â€Å"A race of devils would be propegated,†(pg. 163) thinks Frankenstein to himself in his study. The monsters, if powerful enough, could possibly take over Europe. Frankenstein realizes that he can not possibly doom the world to benefit himself. â€Å"Shall I, in coold blood, set loose upon the earth a daemon.. â€Å"(pg. 162) argues Frankenstein with his creation. It is not morally right for one person to unleash such a terror on the world to benefit only himself and his family. Frankenstein will not let any example change his mind on the point that the monster is and will always be morally corupt. Continuing on his point that the monster was too evil to duplicate, Frankenstein says, â€Å"Your threats cannot move me to do an act of wickedness; but they confirm me in determination of not creating you a companion in vice. â€Å"( pg. 163) Frankenstein will not sacrifice his morallity because of persuation from a monster. Although beholding the threat of death and misery Frankenstein held his ground and did not sacrifice his moral. When and if Frankenstein creates another monster he can not feel as if he has done the morally right thing. From creating the monster Frankenstein will some how be making people other than himself unhappy. † I consent to your demand, on your solem oath to quite Europe forever, and every other place in the neighbourhood of man,†(pg. 143) says Frankenstein as he sees the power that the two could possibly possess. The good doctor sees that with his own hands he could possibly scar the world forever. The doctor wants, if anyone, himself to be unhappy instead of all of man kind. â€Å"Begone! I do break my promise,† (pg. 162) states the doctor angrily. Not thinking about himself but the world unselfishly breaks his promise to the monster. Possessing such a great mind the doctor is able to realize that a greater evil will be realesed upon the earth then upon himself. â€Å"Your threats cannot move me to do an act of wickedness,†(pg. 162) says the doctor as he argues his point with his creation. The doctor sees that a greater and more horrible result can come from him making the second monster than not. With the knowledge at hand, to Dr. Frankenstein, it is not at all morally correct to bring another monster into the world. On the one hand if the second monster was created Frankenstein’s family would be saved. By the same token the rest of the world could be forced to bow before two hideous monsters. The problem, making or not making the second monster, played heavily on Frankenstein’s mind, possibly caused his brief lapse into the realm of the insane. Even though Frankenstein began his work for the good of man his experiment ended up hurting himself and his family.

Stefan’s Diaries: The Craving Chapter 21

Damon and I remained in the cell for several minutes after the man left, too stunned to even contemplate escaping. The guards didn't come back in with the keys. I didn't blame them. I cursed, slamming the bars. It seemed that no matter what I decided to do, which way I turned, things got worse. And the Sutherlands†¦ they had just been innocent bystanders, swept up in the path of destruction just because they were at the wrong place at the wrong time. While my brother didn't actively cause their deaths, he was no less responsible. I turned on him, ready to tear him apart. And then I saw the look on his face. Damon's eyes had glazed over and he leaned against the wall for support. He'd worn the same dazed expression for weeks after he'd woken up as a vampire and discovered that Katherine was dead. â€Å"What was that?† he whispered, finally looking at me. But I had no idea what that was. All I knew was that it was more powerful, more dangerous, more deadly than any creature I'd ever encountered. Anger at my brother drained away and something like exhaustion set in. â€Å"I'm not sure, though I think he left me a message,† I said, remembering the bloody scrawl on the side of the Sutherlands' home. â€Å"But what was that about Katherine? What was he to her?† Damon shrugged. â€Å"I have no idea. She never told me about that†¦ thing.† â€Å"He said we took her from him. What the hell does that mean? What curse is he talking about? Did Emily cast a spell on someone?† I said. I began to pace, my mind racing. â€Å"I'm guessing it means he believes we killed her. Which you did, brother,† Damon said. In a pique, Damon sat down, stretched his legs out, and put his hands behind his head, pillowing it against the stone. I would get no more answers out of him. I slid down against the bars and buried my head in my hands, thinking of my time with Katherine. Had she ever said anything about her past? Let anything slip? But I had been so completely under her thrall that it was impossible to know what had been real and what she had compelled me to believe. Though I remembered biting her, I didn't have any memory of her feeding me her blood. But she must have often, as I had enough of her blood in my system to come back as a vampire after my father shot me. In a funny way, Katherine had made me. We were almost like her children. My mind snagged. â€Å"Did Katherine ever tell you about her sire?† I asked, putting words to a horrible thought forming in my mind. â€Å"The vampire who made her?† Damon looked up at me, shocked out of his sulk. â€Å"You think†¦ ?† I nodded. Damon leaned back and knocked his head against the wall. He had been genuinely in love with Katherine. I wondered if meeting Katherine's maker made our little tryst in Mystic Falls seem like a speck in the vastness of eternity. â€Å"I suppose we should call a guard over and compel him to free us,† he said tiredly. A sound of commotion from the lobby stopped us. There were muffled thuds, like bodies hitting the floor. There was a scream. It was high-pitched and hard to tell whether it came from a woman or a man, so great was the pain. Then came the grating sound of a desk being moved, and what might have been a wooden chair being shattered against the wall. I stood. So did Damon. Damon and I glanced at each other. The pocket watch Winfield had given me ticked loudly in the sudden silence. The door to the stockade opened once again and in came a girl wearing men's trousers and black suspenders, a long blond braid over her shoulder. â€Å"Lexi!† I gasped. â€Å"I'm growing tired of bailing you boys out,† she said as she shook the key at us. â€Å"I should leave you in there overnight, teach you a lesson about making trouble,† she joked. I reached through the bars to grab her free hand. â€Å"I've never been happier to see anyone.† â€Å"I don't doubt it,† Lexi said drily, but a small smile curved the edges of her lips. Damon rolled his eyes. â€Å"We were just about to free ourselves, thank you very much.† â€Å"I don't doubt that, either. Just figured I'd speed up the escape,† she said. Her nose twitched, and her flat tone indicated she didn't entirely approve of his existence. The last time she'd seen him, he'd just gotten through killing Callie and was starting in on me. â€Å"So did you knock out the entire precinct?† Damon asked, straightening the shoulders of his jacket. Lexi undid the final lock on the door. The door sprang open and I rushed to hug her. â€Å"No, only some of them. The rest I compelled. Some of us don't like needless violence – or messes that need to be explained later,† she said into my shoulder. I released her and she motioned us toward the door. â€Å"Now let's get out of here before anyone else shows up.† â€Å"I always cover my tracks,† Damon said defensively as we rushed through the door of the containment area and into the front offices. Several policemen sat at their desks, poring over ledgers, oblivious to the two prisoners escaping and the general state of disarray. Desks had been pushed aside, among the splintery remains of what had once been a chair, and the man who had sat there was lying on the floor, a rivulet of blood leaking from his head. But his eyes were open and he appeared to be whispering some word over and over again. â€Å"Strong-willed, that one,† Lexi said. â€Å"How were you able to find us?† I asked, following her down the stairs. â€Å"A mysterious Italian count with black hair and ice-blue eyes and a flair for the dramatic sweeps into the New York social scene and very quickly marries the most eligible society girl?† she said, rolling her eyes. â€Å"They ran your picture in the social pages.† Damon at least had the grace to look sheepish. â€Å"I always cover my tracks,† she mimicked. â€Å"There are a lot of ways to live rich and powerfully as a vampire†¦ none of which involve sweeping into the New York social scene†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦ and marrying the most eligible society girl. Fair enough,† Damon conceded. â€Å"At least I did it with style.† We exited the prison, and the cold evening air washed over me. The stars were just beginning to flicker in the night sky, and the gaslights cast a warm glow over the street. It was a beautiful night, the like of which Bridget, Lydia, Winfield, and Mrs. Sutherland would never enjoy again – all because of me, Damon, and Katherine. I only came to New York to escape. Escape Damon, memories of Callie, vampires, Mystic Falls, Katherine†¦ and yet it all still followed me like an onerous shadow. I knew then that I'd never escape my past, not fully. Such dark things don't fade with time – they merely reverberate through the centuries. I could only hope that Margaret was safe somewhere, away from the hell-beast that had violently murdered her entire family.

Australian Criminal Law System - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2066 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Critical essay Tags: Justice Essay Did you like this example? Part 2: critical legal analysis: You must critically analyze and discuss the question. You must support each of your agreements with authority. If there is no case law to support your argument, you may use any academic or other literature or commentary that supports your argument. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Australian Criminal Law System" essay for you Create order Q4:The common law of Australia does not recognize that an accused on trial for a serious criminal offence has a right to the provision of counsel at public expense. Further, that as a matter of constitutional duty, the court cannot indefinitely adjourn a trial to force the provision of legal aid (Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292). Do you agree or disagree? Why? The defendant was a man named Olaf Dietrich who was arrested in Melbourne Airport with importing a lot of heroin. Dietrich was tried in the County Court of Victoria in 1988 for a trafficking offence under the Customs Act 1901 and certain less serious charges.[1] During the lengthy trial the accused had no legal representation.[2] Although he had applied to the Legal Aid Commission of Victoria for assistance, the commission rejected his request and said there was no public expense in court if you were an indigent accused. Finally, the judge made a decision that supported the defendant to have legal aid in order to making sure he got a fair trial. Dietrich v The Queen was an important case decided in the High Court of Australia in the year of 1992. It concerned the nature of the right to a fair trial, and under what circumstances indigent defendants should be provided with legal aid by the state. The case determined that although there is no absolute right for the accused to have public fund for the counsel in court by state, a judge should concern the request for an adjournment or stay when an accused has no representation. It is a significant case in criminal law as well as in constitutional law in Australia, since it is one of a number of cases which have found human rights in the Australian Constitution. The majority in the High Court decided that although there was no right at common law to have publicly provided legal representation, in some cases representation is appropriate to ensure a fair trial.[3] Although judges no longer have the power to appoint counsel for an accused, sin ce that function has been largely taken over by legal aid agencies, a trial judge should use their power to adjourn a case if it is in the interests of fairness that an accused have representation, which would encourage the legal aid agencies to provide counsel.[4] In my point of view, I do not agree with the first issue. I think though there is no provision of counsel at public expense, it is necessary for Australia common law to recognize a serious criminal offence having the right to gain a legal aid for the reason of a trial. Furthermore, though I am not for the first issue whereas I think the second issue is correct. It is reasonable for the court that not to indefinitely adjourns a trial to force the provision of legal aid. Since the defendant should have the right to gain legal aid at public expense though there is no provision for that in common law in Australia, some questions should be discussed at follows: (a) the right to a fair trial (b) Miscarriage of justice (c) the role for the international treaties in Australian common law. the right to a fair trial To receive a fair trial according to law for the defendant is not only a fundamental element of the common law but of criminal justice system as well.[5] The right is manifested in rules of law designed to regulate the trial.[6] Also, the jurisdiction of courts extends to a power to stay proceedings in order to avoid the criminal proceeding which will result in unfair trial.[7] The defendant claimed that the interest of justice require that an indigent accused who wishes to have legal representation should be paid at public expense because the central essence of the trial is to make sure the accused have the right to have his own counsel and the absence of representation for the defendant who cannot afford the legal representation means that the proceeding is unfair and the conviction should be quashed.[8] Since it is for a long time the legislation was enacted to provide that all accused will be permitted to be represented by counsel, that principle has been regarded as the basic prescript of the trial especially for the felony. Furthermore, the rule of the criminal system provides the securing justice for administration power to guarantee the fairness and particularly requires the contemporary values for Australia for reducing the possibility of the unfair proceedings especially for the felony charge. Australia legal system is a kind of adversary system which requires the justice of the criminals should be consistent with the fundamental virtue of the common law. That means that the judge in the court do not have more work but mainly rely on the lawyersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ intelligence which is unlike the inquisitorial system, it is the judgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s duty to guide the proceeding in the court.[9] Thus to avoid the unfairness during the legal proceeding result from the unbalanced and in appropriate situation, I do think it may be a good thing for the trial judge to lend assistance to point the counsel for the accused.[10] Most of the accused do no t have the specific knowledge to support them during the court so that they need the professional lawyers for legal representing by using them sufficient and accurate intelligence. Although it is not inevitable for the want of counsel to lead the unfairness in the court,[11] it could increase the possibility to result in an unfair criminal trial.[12] Miscarriage of justice As we all know, the justice is include not only procedural justice but substantive justice as well though the word à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"justiceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is hard to elaborate for a long time. Therefore, ensuring the justice process means a lot to the fair trial. It has been shown that in some cases the judges think the accused especially for the people with felony may be trialed unfairly if he failed to gain the defense counsel even though the judged were deemed to conduct in strict accordance with the law,[13] So it is vital for the accused to be represented by counsel in a proceeding of criminal trial.[14] If there is lack of legal representation, it will result in the proceedings for the accused to be dealt with not fairly and justly. It is in the best interests both of the accused and of the administration of justice that an accused be represented, especially when the he is under a serious charged offence.[15] At the commencement of the trial, the applicant had exhausted a ll avenues for legal assistance which means there was no other ways for him if the public expense were not provided. Due to the unsuccessful application for legal aid, no judicial attempt to list attributes of fair trial but every accused entitled to counsel. In this case, the failure of the trail judge to appoint counsel for the applicant was a miscarriage of justice and it is said that the Appeal Court usually determines miscarriage of justice. The importance of the international treaties in Australian law It is well established that unless a country incorporated the provision of an international treaty into its domestic law by statute, the provision will be in force in that country. Australia is a party to the international treaty named International Covenant on Civil and Political Right (the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"ICCPRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢), however, it has not been in force now because although the Executive made a ratification. It is the Parliament that has the right to make and alter the law, not the Executive. Since there is no provision related to the human right in Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s constitution, the right for legal representing seems not be included in the issue. Although we can find the evidence that in the ICCPR it contains that the indigent defendant can be represented by counsel at public expense,[16] no legislation in Australia has passed just the Executive signed it.[17] Although the ICCPR does not become a part of domestic law in Australia, the common law in Austr alia should follow the provision to the international treaty to develop a way which recognizes the existence and enforceability of rights and obligations regulated by the international instruments.[18] It is accepted that the fact that the convention has not been incorporated into Australian law does not mean that its ratification holds significance, the Australian law should regards the provision as a guidance to the common law and put something that in conformity but not in conflict with the established rules of international law. Besides, where the inherited common law is ambiguous and uncertain, Australian judges may look to an international treaty that Australia has ratified as an aid for explication.[19] In addition, the provisions of an international treaty to which Australia is a party that claims universal rights should used to help develop the common law system as well.[20] The court cannot indefinitely adjourn a trial to force the provision of legal aid. As the court do not control public purse strings, entitlement to legal aid dependent on government, not judiciary.[21] It means that the proceeding of trial is under the control of judicial power whereas the Executive is in charge of the public expense.[22] In fact, a trial judge will have discretion to stay or adjourn if the accused is too poor to afford the legal representation. It is noticeable that the judge should be in the favor of the accused under specific circumstances such as the lack of time or money shortage for him to have the counsel.[23] From my point of view, any decision made by the judges should conform the fundamental value of the common law, that is, justice and fair. Under such a circumstance, it is hard to say whether the trial judge should adjourn the proceeding or not for any decision he made would lead the case to unfairness. If the judge give the indefinitely stay in the court, it will bring the unfair trial. Therefore, the court cannot indefinitely adjour n a trial because it may occur to the executive government to provide the legal representation. To sum up, the judge should give the right to the accused due to the poverty in a reasonable time and never lead an indefinitely adjourn. Bibliography: Barton v The Queen (1980) 147 CLR 75 Blackstone, Williams and Sir, Commentaries, (N.Y. Banks Brothers, 1899) Bradley v Commonwealth (1973) 128 CLR 557 Bunning v Cross (1978) 141 CLR 554 Dietrich v The Queen, Australasian Legal Information Institute, 25 March 2009 Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292 International Covenant on Civil and Political Right, 16 December 1966, UNTS (entered into force 23 March 1976) Jago v District (1989) 168 CLR 23 Justice System in Western Australia, Consultation Drafts, 1992 Kinley, David, Human rights in Australian law: principles, practice and potential(Federation Press, 1998) Law Reform Commision of Western Australia, Review of the Criminal and Civil Paul, Ames, à ¢Ã¢ ‚ ¬Ã‹Å"Without Counsel: Dietrich v the Queenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1992) 4 (Bond Law Review, 235-241) Mclnnis v The Queen (1979) 143 CLR, 575 Powell v Alabama (1932) 287 US; Gideon v Wainwright (1963) 372 US R v Corak (1982) 30 SASR 409; Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292 Reg v Sang [1980] AC 402 The State (Healy) v Donoghue [1976] IR [1] Dietrich v The Queen, Australasian Legal Information Institute, 25 March 2009. [2] Kinley, David, Human rights in Australian law: principles, practice and potential. (Federation Press, 1st, 1998). [3] Paul Ames, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Without Counsel: Dietrich v the Queenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (1992) 4 (Bond Law Review, 235-241) . [4] Ibid. [5] See, eg, Jago v District (1989) 168 CLR 23; Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292. [6] Bunning v Cross (1978) 141 CLR 554; Reg v Sang [1980] AC 402. [7] Barton v The Queen (1980) 147 CLR 75 at pp 95-96. [8] Dietrich v The Queen, (1992) 177 CLR 292. [9] Law Reform Commision of Western Australia, Review of the Criminal and Civil Justice System in Western Australia, Consultation Drafts, 1992. [10] See, generally, Powell v Alabama (1932) 287 US; Gideon v Wainwright (1963) 372 US; The State (Healy) v Donoghue [1976] IR. [11] See Barton v R (1980) 147 CLR 75. [12] Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292. [13] See R v Corak (1982) 30 SASR 409; Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292. [14] See, for example, Powell v Alabama (1932) 287 US 45. [15] Mclnnis v The Queen (1979) 143 CLR, 575 at 579. [16] International Covenant on Civil and Political Right, 16 December 1966, UNTS (entered into force 23 March 1976). [17] Bradley v Commonwealth (1973) 128 CLR 557. [18] Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292. [19] Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292. [20] Bradley v Commonwealth (1973) 128 CLR 557. [21] Dietrich v The Queen (1992) 177 CLR 292. [22] Ibid. [23] Blackstone, Williams and Sir, Commentaries, (N.Y. Banks Brothers, 3rd ed, 1899) 49-50.